BladderCall the bladder inflammation.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by bacterial infection and is a kind of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The infection of the bladder can be very painful and exhaustive and can lead to more serious problems when the kidney is growing.
In rare cases, cystitis reaction can be certain drugs, radiation therapy or other stimuli: spraying for women's hygiene, spermicide gels, or long -term use of the urethra.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Bacterial cystitis usually requires antibiotics.Treatment of other types of cystitis depends on the cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis are as follows:
Mandatory (sudden and very strong) urgency to urinate
False urination
Burns during urination
Frequent urine, small urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine with a sharp smell of unpleasant
Discomfort in the pelvis area
Pressure pressure in the lower abdomen
Subfebrile body temperature (37-38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily enuresis (urinary tract incontinence) may also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Ask for medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are typical of kidney infection, especially
Back pain or page
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent, painful urination, lasts more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have recently completed the treatment process and the symptoms have returned, seek medical attention immediately.
If your child is daytime enuresis, call your pediatrician
Causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urine system consists of two kidneys, two urethra, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urine system is the removal of slag from the body.The kidneys filter the blood, release primary and then secondary urine;Secondary urine flows through the urethra into the bladder and accumulates for several hours after the bladder is filled
Bacterial cystitis
Dirty infections usually occur when the bacteria penetrate the urethra from the outside through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Cystitis is most often caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially after a woman's first sexual relationship.But even sexually inactive girls and women are prone to lower urinary tract infections, since genitals are often warning bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -contagious cystitis
Nebacterialnym Cistitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of chronic inflammation of the bladder, also known as painful bladder syndrome, are still unclear.Most often in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Medication Cystitis.Some drugs, chemotherapy drugs, can cause cystitis as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate the wall.
Radiation cystitis.Radiation treatment of the pelvis area can cause inflammatory changes in the bladder tissues.
Cystitis of a foreign body.A longer use of urine catheter increases the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have increased sensitivity in jacuzzi, female hygiene spray, spermicide gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Cystitis can sometimes occur as a complication of other diseases such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop with recurring urinary tract infections than others.Above all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra makes women more vulnerable to the disease.
Among women who are: Who:
Sexually active.Gender intercourse can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive tools.Women who use membranes and other spermicidnym gel impregnated membranes are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy increase the risk of cystitis.
Menopause.In menopause women, altered hormones are often provociruyut imvp.
Other risk factors for men and women are cystitis:
Obstacle to urine.This can be caused by the stone in the bladder or the increased prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.These occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and in some cases viral cystitis.
Long -term use of urine catheter.Older people and people with some illness have to use the urine cage for a long time.This often results in increased vulnerability before bacterial infections and direct damage to the bladder tissues.
In men who are not prone to - cystitis is rare.
Complications of cystitis
With quick and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, in early treatment, cystitis can cause more severe diseases.
Cystitis complications include pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).Infection from the inflamed bladder can fall into the rising kidneys, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis and even cause irreversible damage to the kidney tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, as IMVP symptoms are often ignored or doctors are mistakenly taken by other diseases.
Preparing for a doctor's visit
If you or your child has symptoms of cystitis, you should consult with a doctor.First you need to examine it for a pediatrician, therapist or general practitioner and then focuses on a urologist or nephrologist if necessary.Predict the reception time can create a list that reduces and optimizes the time of communication with your doctor:
Describe your symptoms including those that appear to be unrelated to cystitis
Make a list of all the drugs, vitamins or food additives you accept
Write down questions you want to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask your doctor:
What caused my illness?
What kind of complementary exams do I need?
What factors contributed to the development of cystitis?
What treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you recommend to me?
What side effects are expected of the prescribed treatment?
What is the risk of repeating this problem?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need to consult a narrow professional, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask you questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a number of questions, for example:
When did you first notice these symptoms?
Have you treated urinary tract infections before?
To what extent do you experience discomfort?
How often is it wet?
How much does it take after urination?
Do you have a lower back pain?
Did you have a raised temperature?
Did you notice emptying from the vagina or urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use creams for contraception?Which?
Are you not pregnant?
Do you take medicines, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever used an urethra?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to questioning symptoms and physical examination, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, for example:
General urine analysisThe test is used as Skriningovy and diagnostics.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in increased leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Analysis of urine for sterility.If the bladder infection is suspected, your doctor may prescribe urine analysis for sterility, which shows the type and number of bacteria in the urine.
General blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During the study, the doctor introduces a cystoscope - a thin tube with backlight and video camera, through the urethra into the bladder and examines the structural disorders and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, your doctor may also take a small tissue sample (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown in all patients with cystitis, but only for patients with return or nebacterialnim cystitis.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These research methods are not required by all patients, but also for those who do not find the IMVP decline in other ways.For example, an overview of the abdomen or the ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space can identify structural disorders of the bladder, urethra and kidneys.In some cases, radiography, increasing (cystography) or declining (intravenous urography) are implemented.
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.Treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on the cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First -line antibiotics are drugs that are active against the bowl or the bacteria found in the urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms are usually noticeably improved in the first days of treatment, but your doctor may stick to therapy for three days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Repeated infection.If there is a decline in the IMVP, your doctor may recommend longer antibiotic treatment or lead to a doctor specializing in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of the relapse.For women with repetitive bacteria -cistami, a single dose of antibiotic after sexual intercourse may be useful.
Nosocomial infections.The nosocomial infections of the bladder are extremely difficult to treat because the bacteria that cause are often resistant to the main antibiotics used to treat bladder extra -curricular infections.Therefore, the doctor can prescribe several antibiotics at a time.
Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis
The cause of interstitial cystitis is still uncertain, so there is no universal treatment system for all patients at the same time.Your doctor can try the following treatment methods:
It is used orally or is administered directly into the bladder.
Local procedures that alleviate the symptoms, such as the stretching of the bladder, filled with water or gas.
Nerve excitation with light electrical impulses (physiotization) to relieve the pain of the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
Above all, the cause, which causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc. should be eliminated.
Treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, focuses on suppressing pain (usually on the use of painkillers) and washing to reduce bladder contact with irritants.
Lifestyle and home medicines
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple home methods that make this discomfort easier:
Use the heating bench.Place the heating bench on the lower abdomen, which greatly relieves pain and difficulty in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink a lot of fluids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, caffeine -containing alcoholic beverages, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until the symptoms of cystitis are reduced.These materials can irritate the bladder and exacerbate the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a sitting bath.Relieve your feet in hot water for 15-20 minutes, which will noticeably relieve pain and discomfort.
Talk to your doctor with the repeated IMVP about the personal optimal tactics of therapy and symptomatic treatment.
Cystitis prevention
Tablets containing cranberry juice or Pro -aantocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of recurring infection of some women.Nevertheless, the latest studies show that these methods are not as effective as those previously thought.
You can still try to take cranberries daily, but keep in mind that it cannot be combined with warfarin as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful to prevent cystitis:
Drink a lot of fluids, especially water.This is especially important when you get chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
It is heated more often.If you feel the desire for urination, do not postpone the toilet visit.
After emptying, wipe the leg back.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and urethra.
Shower, not bath.If you are prone to the IMVP relapse, you refuse the bath and shower as the standing water in the bath can help the infection penetration into the urethra.
Carefully wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this daily, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make energy efforts.Irritation on the fine skin surrounding these areas easily occurs.
The bladder is enough as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to go back to the toilet soon.
Avoid using deodorants and aerosols and other female cosmetics in the genitals.These materials can irritate the urethra and bladder.